运动战术图

关于运动战术图

运动战术图是教练绘制的单次战术、阵型或队形示意图——以球员圆点和运动轨迹线条表示,采用每位教练一眼就能读懂的标记方式。Schematex 可从文本为三大团队运动生成战术图:美式橄榄球(X&O 战术图)、篮球(半场阵型)和足球/协会足球(球队阵型与运动路线)。每项运动都在其本身正确比例的球场、球馆或足球场上,以该运动的教练标准标记方式绘制。

你只需命名运动和阵型,引擎负责摆放球员。你添加运动动词(routepasscutdribblerunscreenshot),引擎以该运动教练实际使用的线型风格绘制每一个动作。与图像生成器不同,输出是可编辑的——添加第四个接球员或移动一次掩护,只需改一行文字。

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Four Verticals football play. 11 offensive players, 11 defenders, 5 assignments. Four Verticals 2nd & 7 · ball on 40 deep half deep half T G C G T QB RB X H Y Z E T T E W M S C C F $ Offense Defense Route / run Block Motion Zone
UTF-8 · LF · 9 lines · 172 chars✓ parsed·6.0 ms·15.1 KB SVG

1. 第一张战术图

每张图以包含运动名称的头部开始,然后是阵型(摆放球员),再是战术分配

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Give & Go basketball play. 5 players, 0 opponents, 3 assignments. Give & Go 1 2 3 4 5 Offense (1–5) Defense (X) Cut Pass Dribble Screen
UTF-8 · LF · 5 lines · 75 chars✓ parsed·0.9 ms·6.8 KB SVG

pass 1 2 绘制从 1 号球员到 2 号球员的传球;cut 1 rim 让 1 号球员切向篮筐。篮球中传球用虚线、切入用实线——这是每块教练白板上的惯例。


2. 三大运动

在头部选择运动(sport football|basketball|soccer)。每项运动使用其真实单位和惯例教练视角:

运动单位视角场地
football进攻方在底部向进攻;顺场方向 = 向上带码线、区域标记和得分区的绿色球场
basketball英尺NBA 半场;底线 + 篮筐在顶部浅色枫木地板
soccer完整 105 × 68 米球场(进攻方向向右);或 view half带 IFAB 标线的绿色草坪

3. 球员与阵型

摆放球员最快的方式是使用阵型(橄榄球/足球)或阵列(篮球):

  • 橄榄球formation i-form | shotgun | singleback | pistol | spread | trips | empty | goal-line | wishbone,可选强侧 left/right。接球员为 X Z H Y(Y = 近端锋),后卫为 QB RB FB,前锋线为 LT LG C RG RT
  • 篮球set horns | 1-4-high | 1-4-low | box | spread-pnr | 4-out | 5-out。球员编号为 15
  • 足球formation 4-3-3 | 4-4-2 | 4-2-3-1 | 4-5-1 | 4-4-1-1 | 3-5-2 | 3-4-3。球员编号为 1(门将)……11

对于定位球或自由形式的图,可单独放置球员并裁剪为半场:

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Overlap & Cross soccer play. 11 players, 0 opponents, 6 assignments. Overlap & Cross 1 2 4 5 3 6 8 10 7 9 11 Team Keeper Opponent Pass Run Dribble Shot
UTF-8 · LF · 13 lines · 291 chars✓ parsed·1.5 ms·10.2 KB SVG

4. 运动动词与线型风格

同一种线型在不同运动中含义不同——Schematex 按各运动自己的惯例绘制,图例始终与之匹配:

动词橄榄球篮球足球
pass虚线(传球)虚线实线
run / cut实线实线(切入)虚线(跑动)
dribble波浪线波浪线
screen / blockT 形 ⊥T 形 ⊥(掩护)T 形 ⊥
shot实线双线

注意这里的反转: 篮球中传球用虚线、切入用实线;足球中传球用实线、跑动用虚线。这正是两个教练群体实际使用的图示方式——Schematex 尊重各自的惯例。

运动目标可以是球员 id地标名称或明确的坐标to x,y)。


5. 橄榄球——路线、跑动、防守

传球路线使用路线树go fly streak slant flat hitch out in dig curl comeback corner post wheel cross drag seam。跑动战术:dive iso power counter sweep toss draw trap。阻挡使用 blockpullhandoff。设置 goal N 可绘制得分区和门柱:

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Red Zone — Play-Action Fade football play. 11 offensive players, 11 defenders, 5 assignments. Red Zone — Play-Action Fade 1st & 5 · ball on 5 10 10 deep middle T G C G T Y QB F RB X Z E T T E W M S C C $ F Offense Defense Route / run Block Motion Zone
UTF-8 · LF · 9 lines · 215 chars✓ parsed·1.6 ms·13.6 KB SVG

defense cover-0/1/2/3/4/6 绘制防守覆盖壳;defense 4-3 | 3-4 | nickel | dime 设置防守阵型。hash nfl|college|none 控制区域标记线。


6. 篮球——阵列、地标、掩护

切入和传球以命名地标为目标——rim elbow wing corner short-corner block slot top high-post dunker(前缀 l/r 表示左/右)。screen A B 为 B 球员绘制 A 球员的挡拆(T 形);dribble 为波浪线:

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Spread Pick & Roll basketball play. 5 players, 0 opponents, 4 assignments. Spread Pick & Roll 1 2 3 4 5 Offense (1–5) Defense (X) Cut Pass Dribble Screen
UTF-8 · LF · 6 lines · 110 chars✓ parsed·0.8 ms·8.2 KB SVG

defense man 为每位防守球员匹配盯人;defense zone-2-3 | zone-3-2 | zone-1-3-1 绘制区域防守阵型。


7. 足球——阵型、跑动、组织进攻

单独一个阵型就能绘制球队队形。加上 pass(实线)、run(虚线)和 dribble(波浪线)可展示一个进攻阶段:

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Build-Up From the Back soccer play. 11 players, 0 opponents, 5 assignments. Build-Up From the Back 1 2 4 5 3 6 8 10 7 9 11 Team Keeper Opponent Pass Run Dribble Shot
UTF-8 · LF · 7 lines · 119 chars✓ parsed·0.8 ms·9.4 KB SVG

地标包括 box top-box d penalty-spot near-post far-post six-yard centerdefense low-block | mid-block | high-press 叠加对手阵型。足球仅支持日光模式——theme: dark 会回退到默认球场。


8. 验证

引擎会拒绝模型实际常犯的错误,并列出有效选项:

  • 未知的 sportformation / setdefense 或命名路线;
  • 引用了未声明球员 id 的动作;
  • 格式错误的坐标或缺少 to 目标。

较轻微的问题(如零长度移动)会以警告形式渲染而非报错。


9. 语法(EBNF)

playbook   = "playbook" string "sport" sport NL { stmt NL } ;
sport      = "football" | "basketball" | "soccer" ;
stmt       = field | formation | defense | player | move | zone | "view" view ;
field      = "field" { "down" num | "distance" num | "los" num
                     | "goal" num | "hash" hash | "view" view } ;
formation  = ( "formation" | "set" ) name [ "left" | "right" ] ;
defense    = "defense" scheme ;
player     = "player" id pos "at" coord "label" text ;
move       = route | run | pass | cut | dribble | screen
           | shot | motion | handoff | pull | block ;
route      = "route" id namedRoute [ num ] [ "left" | "right" ] ;
run        = "run" id ( concept [ "left" | "right" ] | "to" coord ) ;
pass       = "pass" id ( id | landmark | "to" coord ) ;
cut        = "cut" id ( landmark | "to" coord ) ;
dribble    = "dribble" id "to" coord ;
screen     = "screen" id id ;
shot       = "shot" id [ "to" coord ] ;
zone       = "zone" coord coord string ;
coord      = num "," num ;
view       = "full" | "half" ;
hash       = "nfl" | "college" | "none" ;

相关示例

每项运动各有五个经典战术示例——橄榄球:四条垂直路线(Four Verticals)、交叉路线(Mesh)、双深突破(Smash)、强力跑动(Power O)和红区渐远路线(Red-Zone Fade);篮球:挡拆(Pick & Roll)、双高(Horns)、传切配合(Give & Go)、蹦蹦跳跳(Floppy)和背切(Backdoor Cut);足球:4-3-3 队形、从后场组织进攻(Build-Up)、边路重叠(Overlap)、高位压迫(High Press)和反击(Counter-Attack)。

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